Spinal deformity in children has a wide range of causes. The most common entities are idiopathic scoliosis, postural roundback, and Scheuermann's kyphosis. The pediatrician, primary care physician, and orthopedic surgeon can optimally treat these disorders with close observation, attention to detail, initiation of bracing when indicated, and surgery on patients who have an appropriate indication. A careful, well-planned approach to these conditions results in the successful treatment of spinal deformities with minimal complications. The physiologic and psychological sequelae of these entities can then be minimized, preserving the overall health of the child.