Despite the many developments in the area of sexual dysfunction, rehabilitation settings seldom investigate the remaining sexual function following spinal cord injury, or offer differential diagnoses of sexual dysfunction in spinal cord injured men. This article attempts to show how sexual rehabilitation should begin with a thorough assessment of the sexual function of paraplegic and tetraplegic men. Assessment includes a basic neurological examination of the perineal area and an extended clinical interview on sexual function and visceral function. The interpretation of patient evaluation is discussed in terms of a classification system adapted to sexual purposes and in terms of the differential diagnoses between sexual dysfunctions of organic, and those of predominantly psychogenic origin in the spinal cord injured patient. The organic or psychogenic contribution is discussed in terms of sophisticated procedures, where assessment of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) is critically evaluated and where alternatives such as urodynamic findings and skin potentials are discussed. Treatment strategies, such as intracavernous injections and cognitive-behavioural strategies adapted to different lesion types, are discussed.