Stress reduction programs (SRPs) can reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This study evaluated the effect of an SRP on metabolic and hormonal risk factors for CAD. Twenty army officers participating in an SRP, Group I, and a comparison group of seventeen SRP nonparticipants, Group C, volunteered to undergo measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), cortisol, DHEA-S/cortisol ratio, testosterone, apolipoprotein-A1, apolipoprotein-B, triglycerides, cholesterol, fibrinogen, and leukocyte count both before and after the SRP period. No differences in the changes in biochemical risk factors for CAD were found between participant and nonparticipant except for DHEA-S. While Group C had a marked reduction in DHEA-S levels, Group I had a small increase. Previous studies indicate DHEA-S is inversely associated with extent of CAD and age-adjusted DHEA-S levels below 3.78 mumol/l confer an increased risk for CAD mortality. SRP participation appears to effect DHEA-S levels, possibly partially accounting for the benefits observed in SRPs among CAD patients.