Depending on the severity of the disease, patients with dilative cardiomyopathy (DCM) have a poor prognosis. No definite data are available to show that complex ventricular ectopy, the presence of ventricular late potentials, or programmed electrical stimulation in patients without symptoms with DCM identify patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. Although poor left ventricular function seems to be the most potent predictor of total cardiac death, the prediction of sudden death in patients without symptoms with DCM is poor. Studies with either class I antiarrhythmic drugs or amiodarone have not yet demonstrated a reduction in total mortality rates or sudden death. The usefulness of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in patients without symptoms with DCM is currently under investigation. The usefulness of serial electropharmacologic testing for patients with documented sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation and DCM is still controversial. Because most patients with DCM and VT or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest have either no inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmia at baseline or the reproducibility of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation induction is poor, implantation of an ICD should be considered in most of these patients. The indication for implantation of an ICD should be made on clinical judgment of the patient's functional status and other prognosis-limiting factors, such as rapid progression of heart failure, end-stage heart failure, and age.