The sensitivity and accuracy rate of computerized tomography (CT) in lymph node staging of localized prostatic carcinoma is commonly considered to be low. Fine needle aspiration cytology of pathological lymph nodes seen on radiological staging can enhance this low accuracy rate. We prospectively investigated the accuracy of CT and fine needle aspiration cytology in lymph node evaluation of 285 patients with clinically locally confined prostatic carcinoma. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of this combined method were 77.8%, 100% and 96.5%, respectively. False-negative staging results were found in only 10 patients with minimal nodal disease. Although in contrast with previous reports, combined CT and fine needle aspiration cytology in our hands seems to be a highly efficient staging method for lymph node involvement. This method could be considered as an alternative to surgical lymphadenectomy in the preoperative evaluation of the nodal status of patients with localized prostatic carcinoma who are scheduled for radical prostatectomy or curative radiotherapy.