Oligonucleotide probes specific to the characteristic repeat sequences of two alleles of the circumsporozoite protein gene of Plasmodium vivax (VK 210 and VK 247) were selected, synthesized, and tested on matched blood and sporozoite DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction from 182 cases naturally acquired in Thailand. Probe results were compared to those of circumsporozoite phenotype-specific ELISAs used to evaluate sporozoites from the same cases. There was a 96% agreement between probe results for blood and for sporozoites. Although there was also a nearly complete agreement between probe and ELISA results for cases producing only VK 210 or VK 247 sporozoites, the probes detected 45% more mixed infections than did the ELISAs when used to test specimens from western and southern Thailand; there was no discrepancy when mixed cases from Cambodia were tested. Examination of Southern blots from ambiguous mixed cases demonstrated the presence of both genes, suggesting suppression of VK 247 in some mixed cases to numbers below those detectable by the ELISA.