Introduction: The Color Doppler echocardiography is a method of choice to detect the regional acceleration of flow in the left ventricle. The color study confirm it also in the right ventricle of infants with diseases other than hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Material: We centered our attention in this finding observed in 16 infants with a mean age of 2.5 months (3 of whom were neonates) with several congenital heart malformations: 9 immediately after surgical ventricular septal defect closure (A-V canal type in 6, and isolated in 3); 2 with pulmonary atresia+intact septum+reconstruction of right ventricular-pulmonary artery connection; 2 with severe aortic stenosis; 1 with a double outlet right ventricle+pulmonary band; 1 with Jatene operation; finally 1 after balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty.
Results: The phenomenon consisted in a late Doppler systolic signal in the right ventricular apex whose velocity ranged between 1.5 and 2.9 m/s. The jet was directed towards the tricuspid orifice, with a normal pulmonary flow. The turbulence was easily viewed in the apical four chambers and subcostal sagittal plane of the right ventricle, the spectral signal showed a morphology with left side concavity. An erroneous diagnosis of apical ventricular septal defect was suggested in 2 cases in whom the left ventricular angiogram performed before treatment excluded the lesion.
Conclusion: The dynamic nature of the jet suggest that an asynchronous order of myocardial contraction in hypertrophic right ventricule play a role in its genesis. With the increasing use of Doppler color technique, this finding can be observed with greater frequency in neonates and infants with operated or unoperated heart diseases and right ventricular hypertrophy. Apical ventricular septal defect will be included in the differential diagnosis.