Recently, evaluative research has yielded a procedure, the Needs for Care Assessment Schedule (NFCAS), which articulates the problems and the corresponding interventions required by psychiatric patients in a systematic and reproducible manner that is of interest to both administrators and clinicians. Although the NFCAS decisions are ultimately subjective and there is no absolute standard, the procedure limits variation and offers a framework for comparison and further elaboration. A group of 98 patients who were receiving treatment at the Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Psychiatric Hospital in Montréal, Québec and who were suffering from severe mental disorders were assessed with the NFCAS procedure. Subjects were selected from four treatment settings representing different levels of problems and needs: long-term in- and outpatients and short-term in- and outpatients. Results of the NFCAS were examined, along with those of standardized questionnaires. The NFCAS allowed a comprehensive understanding of the clinical realities for problem and need assessment. There was an average of 3.9 clinical problems and 4.5 social problems per patient. Long-term patients and patients residing in the hospital had more problems. A total of 76% of the problems assessed were rated as receiving appropriate interventions, whereas 17% of the problems assessed were considered in need of an assessment or in need of treatment. A greater need for intervention was found for social problems than for clinical problems.