The allelic polymorphism of MET and D7S23 loci closely linked to the cystic fibrosis gene was studied in two Bashkir ethnic groups and the Komi population using the polymerase chain reaction. The distribution of the allelic frequencies of the MET locus in Bashkir and Komi populations does not differ significantly from that in populations from Leningrad, Kiev northwest Europe and North America. With the D7S23 locus, a similar distribution of allelic frequencies was found among Bashkir, Komi, Lithuanian and Buryat populations, but a significant difference was observed from the allelic frequencies at this locus in populations from Leningrad and Azerbaijan. Genetic distances between the investigated Bashkir and Komi populations were specified according to the data on the allelic frequencies of the MET and D7S23 loci, and a comparative analysis with the genetic distances obtained on the basis of the allele frequencies of the biochemically polymorphic systems of ABO. Rhesus, haptoglobin protein and acidic erythrocytic phosphatase was carried out.