The effects of the putative anxiolytic agent buspirone on food-handling behavior of laboratory rats were investigated. Rats trained to travel from a covered shelter to a food source were provided with food pellets of six sizes. Smaller pellets were eaten at the exposed food source, whereas larger pellets were carried back to the shelter for consumption. Subcutaneous administration of buspirone hydrochloride (0.2-2.0 mg/kg) reduced carrying of larger food pellets in a dose-dependent manner. Instead, these pellets were also eaten at the exposed food source. Carrying was maximally suppressed 1 h after drug administration. Handling of smaller pellets, travel times, and eating times were not affected by buspirone. Similar results have previously been obtained with diazepam. Buspirone appears to exert its effects through 5-HT1A and/or dopamine receptors, whereas diazepam interacts with benzodiazepine receptors. Thus, manipulations of distinct transmitter systems may have similar behavioral consequences on the food carrying responses of rats.