Drug-naive schizophrenic patients lacked abnormal involuntary movements. Chronic neuroleptic treatment was associated in 4% of the cases with Tardive Dyskinesia (TD). These findings suggest that schizophrenia, at least in its early stages, is not contributing to the appearance of Tardive Dyskinesia, and also underscore the importance of using the lowest effective neuroleptico dose to reduce the risk of that syndrome.