We report on a patient with spontaneous perforation of the left hepatic duct who presented with abdominal pain, jaundice and fever. The correct diagnosis was not established until extravasation of contrast medium from the left hepatic duct, as demonstrated by the cholangiogram, was observed. The patient developed two bile-stained intraperitoneal encapsulated fluid collections, which were diagnosed by ultrasonography, and high bilirubin levels in the fluid aspirated from the encapsulations, which were also found at operation. Closure of the perforation with sutures, decortication of the encapsulations and choledocholithotomy for stone extraction with T-tube insertion were performed. Recovery was complete at follow-up examinations.