BAEPs were recorded on 18 patients before, and/or after liver transplantation. Clinical assessment included 5 standardized scales. Data were divided by stringent criteria into 2 groups: clinical hepatic encephalopathy present (HE) or absent (nonHE). Dependent variables were BAEP configuration and I-V, I-III and III-V IPLs. The following comparisons were made: all patients vs. controls; HE vs. controls; nonHE vs. controls; HE vs. nonHE. BAEP configuration changes were not significantly associated with HE. I-V and III-V IPLs were prolonged for all patients, nonHE patients, and HE patients vs. controls; I-III IPL differences were not significant. There were no correlations between BAEP variables and EEG grade or grades on any single clinical scale. The results suggest that BAEP IPLs (especially the I-V IPL) are a sensitive, although not specific, measure of HE and may be sensitive enough to detect incipient HE.