Why should we consider Schwann cells when we are interested in the biology of neuroblastomas (NBs)? Although we are familiar with the term "stroma-rich" NB, we basically think of a favourable prognostic subgroup, histologically distinguished by the development of a prominent Schwann cell-stroma. According to current opinion on the maturation processes in NBs, the NB-associated Schwann cell is believed to represent a differentiation product of the NB cell, and we therefore do not envisage the Schwann cell as having any important role in NBs. However, our interest was raised after having realised that Schwann cells in NBs are normal cells, very likely attracted to the neoplastic neuroblasts. But what role does this cell play in these tumours? Can we still reduce the appearance of Schwann cells in NBs to an epi-phenomenon or is this cell population responsible for the differentiation of certain NBs? If so, will it be possible to use their strategies to induce differentiation of neuroblasts and so render them non-aggressive, mature ganglionic cells? To shed light on the possible interactions between normal Schwann cells and NB cells, the maturation capacity of NBs and the genetic constitution of the two main cell populations in these tumours are briefly reviewed. Some data leading to the current view on the origin of the Schwann cells in NBs, and several physiological aspects of the Schwann cells, including normal neurone-Schwann cell interactions, are detailed.