Authors record the results of entomological and paludometric studies which were run on July 1994 in Ampanihy (Southern Madagascar), since an epidemic of malaria occurred in that region. Although the risk of epidemic malaria is described in the Southern Madagascar, paludometric indexes found in these surveys are pertinent with a mesoendemic malaria. The entomological survey found. A gambiae complex and A. funestus. Complementary surveys are proposed to improve the knowledge of the epidemiology of malaria in this area.