This study was conducted in Heping District of Quiongzhong County, a hyperedemic mountainous area, in August-September 1992. The comparative surveys between the village and state-run farm, Li and Miao nationalities and Han nationality were carried out by using the sociological method together with the epidemiological methods. Gray relational analysis was conducted between the aforementioned 7 socioeconomic human behavioral factors and IFA rates. The result showed that their degrees of relation (r) were in the following order: (1) percentage of persons who had stayed in the mountain overnight (r = 0.8690); (2) percentage of bed net users (r = 0.7990); (3) percentage of households seeking medical service (r = 0.7990); (4) number of mosquito nets per person (r = 0.7867); (5) percentage of householders knowing malaria transmission route (r = 0.7798); (6) percentage of households with tile-roofed houses (r = 0.6767) and (7) income per capita (r = 0.6636). It indicates that staying in the mountain, using bed net and seeking medical service were three discriminating factors affecting local malaria transmission and control. Therefore, it is suggested that carrying out health education, changing the stay-in-mountain behavior, increasing the utilization of mosquito nets and reinforcing the primary health care should be taken as the fundamental measures for malaria control programme.