A total of 42 children aged 6 months to 14 years who had the portal hypertension syndrome were studied. Blood and a lymph node were taken during a planned surgery by applying venous anastomosis. Translocation to the veins of the small and large bowels and to the mesenteric lymph nodes were recorded in 35 (83.3%), 34 (81%), and 17 (41%) patients, respectively. Translocation of aerobic bacteria (81, 78.6, and 40.5%) was more common than that of anaerobic ones (11.9, 11.9, and 4.8%) to the blood of the small and large bowels and lymph nodes, respectively, gram-negative bacteria heading the list in their frequency, Streptococci ranking next to the latter. The data on the composition of fecal microflora in the same children prior to surgery are given in the paper, which suggests that they had compensatory dysbacteriosis. A contribution of various factors (portal hypertension, operative stress, dysbacteriosis, etc.) to the development of translocation and its pathogenetic value are discussed too.