Basing on the analysis of case histories and of laboratory and instrumental investigations of over 400 patients it is suggested to divide neurogenic myocardial dystrophies into 2 groups: primary-cortical (neurotic) and primary-hypothalamic with due consideration of clinical manifestations (vegetative-vascular and neuro-endocrine forms), running a crisis" course (sympathico-adrenal, vago-inular and mixed crises). Clinico-laboratory criteria of diagnosis and of differential diagnosis of separate forms of neurogenic myocardial dystrophies will help their timely detection and rational treatment, will serve to restore capacity for work in young and mature persons who represent almost a quarter of all patients with diseases of the cardio-vascular system. Successful treatment of neurogenic myocardial dystrophies is in a way a prophylaxis of ischaemic heart disease and hypertension, which supervene commonly enough in untreated or wrongly treated neurogenic myocardial dystrophies.