Methods have been described to noninvasively monitor the glucose of the aqueous humor, a fluid with glucose in constant equilibrium with the bloodstream. A feasibility study has been performed showing that the optical rotation of the aqueous humor reflects aqueous humor glucose concentration in the range of hypo- and moderately hyperglycemic conditions. Preliminary data show that specificity for glucose may be enhanced by simultaneously measuring the optical rotation at 984 nm and 775 nm.