In the period from 1956--76 1 468 caesarean sections were accomplished at the UFK-Jena. 44 043 children were delivery during the 21-year period. The number of caesarean sections rose from 1,08% to 1956 to 10,8% in 1976. The fetal indication in 1956 was zero, on the other side it amounts to 34,3% in 1976. First place of the maternal indication in the 21-year period took in the cephalo pelvine disproportion. In the same time the maternal mortality in attendance of caesarean section was 12,3%. Considering the period between 1969--76, the maternal mortality fell to 2%. Maternal morbidity diminished from 1965 and obtained 23% in the period between 1974/1976. The feverish childbed took in the first place of the maternal morbidity (30%). The perinatal mortality fall from 28,57% in the period between 1956/1958 to 3,71% in the period between 1974/1976. The perinatal morbidity we could'nt state certainly. In 8,3% we found perinatal morbidity by acidosis. 5,5% of children, delivered by caesarean section needed medical care. 16,4% of all children were either small for gestational age or immature. The problem of caesarean section as an important method for termination of labor is discussed.