GC-MS fingerprinting, nutritional composition, in vitro pharmacological activities and molecular docking studies of Piper chaba from Uttarakhand region

Vibha Joshi; Vishwajeet Bachhar; Shashank Shekher Mishra; Ravi K Shukla; Avinash Gangal; Manisha Duseja

doi:10.1007/s13205-024-03996-7

GC-MS fingerprinting, nutritional composition, in vitro pharmacological activities and molecular docking studies of Piper chaba from Uttarakhand region

3 Biotech. 2024 Jun;14(6):158. doi: 10.1007/s13205-024-03996-7. Epub 2024 May 17.

Authors

Vibha Joshi¹, Vishwajeet Bachhar¹, Shashank Shekher Mishra², Ravi K Shukla³, Avinash Gangal¹, Manisha Duseja¹

Affiliations

¹ Analytical Chemistry Lab, Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009 India.
² School of Pharmaceutical and Population Health Informatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009 India.
³ Advanced Functional Smart Materials Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, DIT University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248009 India.

PMID: 38766322
PMCID: PMC11101386 (available on 2025-06-01)
DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03996-7

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Piper chaba (PC) growing in the northern region of India, having differences in the phytochemicals, nutritional content, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties by reducing power assay (RPA), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, phosphomolybdate assay, and antidiabetic potential by α-amylase assay with change in the geographical location. Outcomes of the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed that phytochemicals such as piperine (46.69%), kusunokinin (8.9%), and sitostenone (7.57%) are the prominent compounds found in PC. The plant has also shown a good nutritional value, i.e., iron (11.25 mg), calcium (147 mg), and vitamin C (9.30 mg) per 100 g. PC has a higher phenolic content than other species (⁓ 13.75 g/100 g plant powder). Among the four tested bacterial strains, the extract is best responsive toward Escherichia coli (35 ± 0.68 mm) which is more than the standard ciprofloxacin (24 ± 0.8 mm). Similarly, among two tested fungal strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows the best zone of inhibition (ZOI) (27.5 ± 0.8 mm), which is greater than tat of standard amphotericin (20.25 ± 0.28 mm). The DDPH method demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (⁓ 42.61 ± 1.82 µg/ml). IC₅₀ for the antidiabetic potential of PC was found to be 23.09 ± 0.3 µg/ml against α-amylase assay. A molecular docking study revealed that three compounds, piperine, sitostenone and kusunokinin, showed strong binding affinity toward bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases, fungal dihydrofolate reductase, and α-amylase, respectively. Therefore, the findings of the current study indicate that PC can be considered as a source of food and medicines, either in the form of traditional preparations or as pure active constituents.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03996-7.

Keywords: Antidiabetic activity; Antimicrobial; GC–MS; Molecular docking; Nutritional analysis; Piper chaba.

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