Serologic responses to the MVA-based JYNNEOS mpox vaccine in a cohort of participants from the District of Columbia (D.C.)

Isabel Griffin; Isha Berry; Terese Navarra; Lalita Priyamvada; William C Carson; Adi Noiman; David A Jackson; Michelle A Waltenburg; Will Still; Leah Lujan; Jason Beverly; Christina Willut; Michelle Lee; Anil Mangla; Victoria Shelus; Christina L Hutson; Michael B Townsend; Panayampalli S Satheshkumar; CDC Monkeypox Laboratory Task Force Team, CDC Monkeypox DC PEP++ Field Team

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.017

Serologic responses to the MVA-based JYNNEOS mpox vaccine in a cohort of participants from the District of Columbia (D.C.)

Vaccine. 2024 May 17:S0264-410X(24)00563-2. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.017. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Isabel Griffin¹, Isha Berry¹, Terese Navarra², Lalita Priyamvada², William C Carson², Adi Noiman¹, David A Jackson³, Michelle A Waltenburg³, Will Still⁴, Leah Lujan⁴, Jason Beverly⁴, Christina Willut⁴, Michelle Lee⁴, Anil Mangla⁴, Victoria Shelus⁵, Christina L Hutson², Michael B Townsend², Panayampalli S Satheshkumar⁶; CDC Monkeypox Laboratory Task Force Team, CDC Monkeypox DC PEP++ Field Team

Affiliations

¹ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Multinational Monkeypox Response, Atlanta, GA, USA; Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
² CDC Monkeypox Laboratory Task Force, USA; Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
³ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Multinational Monkeypox Response, Atlanta, GA, USA.
⁴ D.C. Health, Washington D.C., USA.
⁵ Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
⁶ CDC Monkeypox Laboratory Task Force, USA; Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: xdv3@cdc.gov.

PMID: 38762357
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.05.017

Abstract

We assessed early antibody responses after two doses of JYNNEOS (IMVANEX) mpox vaccine in the District of Columbia (D.C.) in persons at high risk for mpox without characteristic lesions or rash. Participants with PCR mpox negative specimens (oral swab, blood, and/or rectal swab) on the day of receipt of the first vaccine dose and who provided a baseline (day 0) serum sample and at least one serum sample at ∼28, ∼42-56 days, or 180 days post vaccination were included in this analysis. Orthopoxvirus (OPXV)-specific IgG and IgM ELISAs and neutralizing antibody titers were performed, and longitudinal serologic responses were examined. Based on participants' IgG and IgM antibody levels at baseline, they were categorized as naïve or non-naïve. Linear mixed effects regression models were conducted to determine if IgG antibody response over time varied by age, sex, HIV status, and route of administration for both naïve and non-naïve participants. Among both naïve and non-naïve participants IgG seropositivity rates increased until day 42-56, with 89.4 % of naïve and 92.1 % of non-naïve participants having detectable IgG antibodies. The proportion of naive participants with detectable IgG antibodies declined by day 180 (67.7 %) but remained high among non-naïve participants (94.4 %). Neutralizing antibody titers displayed a similar pattern, increasing initially post vaccination but declining by day 180 among naïve participants. There were no significant serologic response differences by age, sex, or HIV status. Serologic response did vary by route of vaccine administration, with those receiving a combination of intradermal and subcutaneous doses displaying significantly higher IgG values than those receiving both doses intradermally. These analyses provide initial insights into the immunogenicity of a two-dose JYNNEOS PEP regimen in individuals at high risk of mpox exposure in the United States.

Keywords: Antibody; IMVANEX, MVA; Immunogenicity; Intradermal; JYNNEOS; Monkeypox; Mpox; Orthopoxvirus; Serology; Subcutaneous.

Published by Elsevier Ltd.