Bioactive Compounds from Vicia sativa L. and Vicia monantha Retz. with Unveiling Antiviral Potentials in Newly Green Synthesized CdO Nanoparticles

Alyaa Nasr; Ezzat H Elshazly; Dalia F Slima; Mohamed E Elnosary; Ahmed M Sadek; Mona Khamis; Yu Gong; Qian Tian; Gamal A Gouda; Guo-Ping Zhu

doi:10.2174/0113892010305452240427044346

Bioactive Compounds from Vicia sativa L. and Vicia monantha Retz. with Unveiling Antiviral Potentials in Newly Green Synthesized CdO Nanoparticles

Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2024 May 16. doi: 10.2174/0113892010305452240427044346. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Alyaa Nasr^{1

2}, Ezzat H Elshazly³, Dalia F Slima⁴, Mohamed E Elnosary⁵, Ahmed M Sadek⁵, Mona Khamis⁶, Yu Gong¹, Qian Tian¹, Gamal A Gouda⁶, Guo-Ping Zhu¹

Affiliations

¹ Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, Key Laboratory of Biomedicine in Gene Diseases and Health of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China.
² Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom 32511, Menoufia, Egyp.
³ Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.
⁴ Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkoom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt.
⁵ Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, Egypt.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt.

PMID: 38757333
DOI: 10.2174/0113892010305452240427044346

Abstract

Background: in the current study, a comparative phytochemical analysis was carried out to explore the phenolic and flavonoid contents in the aerial parts of Vicia sativa L and Vicia monantha Retz growing in cultivated, reclaimed, and desert habitats.

Methods: High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect Vicia methanolic extracts' individual phenolic and flavonoid constituents. The first-time synthesis of cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) using the aqueous extract of V. monantha has been developed using a green approach. Also, the cytotoxicity of V. monantha extract and CdO NPs was examined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for unveiling them as anti-HAV and anti-AdV.

Results: Our results indicated that in the case of desert habitat, the contents of total phenolics (76.37 mg/g) and total flavonoids (65.23 mg/g) of V. monantha were higher than those of V. sativa (67.35 mg/g and 47.34 mg/g, respectively) and the contents of these secondary metabolites were even increased in V. monantha collected from reclaimed land (phenolics: 119.77 mg/g, flavonoids: 88.61 mg/g). Also, V. monantha surpassed V. sativa in the contents of some individual HPLC constituents, and hence, V. monantha was used to synthesize the green CdO NPs and subsequent antiviral tests. The average size of CdO NPs was determined to be 24.28 nm, and the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of CdO NPs clearly showed their spherical form and varying particle sizes, with different diameters in the range of 19-29 nm. MTT assay was positive to the exposure of CdO NPs in the normal cell line, proposing that CdO NPs can reduce cell viability. V. monantha extract showed promising antiviral activity against Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Adenovirus (AdV) with SI of 16.40 and 10.54. On the other hand, CdONPs had poor antiviral activity against HAV with an SI of 4.74 and moderate antiviral activity against AdV with an SI of 10.54.

Conclusion: V. monantha is now considered a new, valuable natural resource for phenolics and flavonoids, especially when grown in reclaimed soil. The green CdO NPs based on V. monantha extract showed a promising antiviral effect against HAV and AdV.

Keywords: AdV.; AdV.Vicia sativa; Antiviral activity; CdO NPs; Flavonoids; HAV; HPLC; Phenolic compounds; Vicia monantha; Vicia sativa.