National trends in billing patient portal messages as e-visit services in traditional Medicare

Affiliations

• ¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, United States.
• ² Department of Urology, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, United States.
• ³ Center for Clinical Informatics and Improvement Research, Division of Clinical Informatics and Digital Transformation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, United States.