Relationship between parity and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Japan considering hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and body mass index

Hongxin Wang; Noriyuki Iwama; Keiichi Yuwaki; You Nakamichi; Hirotaka Hamada; Hasumi Tomita; Kazuma Tagami; Rie Kudo; Natsumi Kumagai; Hirohito Metoki; Naoki Nakaya; Atsushi Hozawa; Shinichi Kuriyama; Nobuo Yaegashi; Masatoshi Saito

doi:10.1186/s12882-024-03604-z

Relationship between parity and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Japan considering hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and body mass index

BMC Nephrol. 2024 May 17;25(1):166. doi: 10.1186/s12882-024-03604-z.

Authors

Hongxin Wang¹, Noriyuki Iwama^{2

3

4}, Keiichi Yuwaki⁵, You Nakamichi⁵, Hirotaka Hamada¹, Hasumi Tomita¹, Kazuma Tagami¹, Rie Kudo¹, Natsumi Kumagai¹, Hirohito Metoki^{6

7}, Naoki Nakaya⁶, Atsushi Hozawa⁶, Shinichi Kuriyama^{8

9

10}, Nobuo Yaegashi^{1

11

6

10}, Masatoshi Saito^{1

11

12}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
² Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. noriyuki.iwama.a3@tohoku.ac.jp.
³ Women's Health Care Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan. noriyuki.iwama.a3@tohoku.ac.jp.
⁴ Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan. noriyuki.iwama.a3@tohoku.ac.jp.
⁵ Underwriting and Medical Department, The Dai-ichi Life Insurance Company, Limited, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
⁶ Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8573, Japan.
⁷ Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Sendai, Miyagi, 983-8536, Japan.
⁸ Division of Molecular Epidemiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
⁹ International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8572, Japan.
¹⁰ Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Japan Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
¹¹ Women's Health Care Medical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
¹² Department of Maternal and Fetal Therapeutics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryomachi, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.

Abstract

Background: Global studies exploring the relationship between parity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are scarce. Furthermore, no study has examined the relationship between parity and CKD in Japan. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between parity and the prevalence of CKD in a Japanese population, considering the clinical history of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and current body mass index (BMI) based on menopausal status.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 26,945 Japanese multiparous women (5,006 premenopausal and 21,939 postmenopausal women) and 3,247 nulliparous women (1,599 premenopausal and 1,648 postmenopausal women). Participants were divided into two groups based on their menopausal status (premenopausal and postmenopausal women). The relationship between parity and the prevalence of CKD was evaluated using a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for several covariates, including a clinical history of HDP and current BMI.

Results: The relationship between parity and the prevalence of CKD was not statistically significant in either premenopausal or postmenopausal multiparous women. A clinical history of HDP was significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD in premenopausal and postmenopausal multiparous women. However, the relationship between a clinical history of HDP and CKD in premenopausal women was weakened after adjusting for current BMI. Furthermore, the current BMI was significantly associated with an increased risk of CKD in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women.

Conclusions: Parity is not significantly associated with the prevalence of CKD in premenopausal and postmenopausal multiparous women. A clinical history of HDP is a risk factor for CKD in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Current BMI is also associated with an increased risk of CKD in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Therefore, continuous surveillance and preventive measures against CKD should be provided to women with a clinical history of HDP. In addition, maintaining an appropriate body weight is beneficial in reducing the risk of CKD.

Keywords: Body mass index; Chronic kidney disease; Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; Parity.

MeSH terms

Adult
Aged
Body Mass Index*
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced* / epidemiology
Japan / epidemiology
Middle Aged
Parity*
Postmenopause
Pregnancy
Premenopause
Prevalence
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic* / epidemiology
Risk Factors