Evidence that personalized racial stress procedures elicit a stress response and increases alcohol craving among Black adults with alcohol use disorder: A laboratory pilot study

Angela M Haeny; Melissa R Schick; Claudia McKenley; Aishwarya Chowdhary; Chyrell D Bellamy; Stephanie S O'Malley; Rajita Sinha

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111312

Evidence that personalized racial stress procedures elicit a stress response and increases alcohol craving among Black adults with alcohol use disorder: A laboratory pilot study

Drug Alcohol Depend. 2024 Apr 26:260:111312. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111312. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Angela M Haeny¹, Melissa R Schick², Claudia McKenley², Aishwarya Chowdhary³, Chyrell D Bellamy⁴, Stephanie S O'Malley⁴, Rajita Sinha⁵

Affiliations

¹ Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Racial Equity and Addiction Lab at Yale, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Electronic address: angela.haeny@yale.edu.
² Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Racial Equity and Addiction Lab at Yale, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
³ Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Racial Equity and Addiction Lab at Yale, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale Stress Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
⁴ Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
⁵ Yale School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Yale Stress Center, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.

PMID: 38749311
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111312

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to pilot test newly developed personalized imagery procedures to investigate the impact of racial stress on alcohol craving and emotional and physiological response in Black adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Methods: Twenty Black adults (45% women, mean_age=37.05, SD_age=13.19) with AUD participated in two sessions. In the first, participants described a stressful personal event involving their race and a neutral relaxing situation and these descriptions were used to develop scripts for the subsequent laboratory exposure session. The second session was an experimental provocation session in which participants reported on alcohol craving and emotional response before and after imagined exposure to stress and neutral conditions using personalized racial stress and neutral/relaxing scripts. Conditions were randomized and counterbalanced across subjects, and heart rate and blood pressure were assessed before and after each image.

Results: Alcohol craving and negative emotions significantly increased, and positive emotions decreased following the racial stress script relative to the neutral/relaxing script. We found no differences in physiological response. Exploratory analyses found that increase in alcohol craving was correlated with racial identity exploration but not racial identity commitment, men reported greater reductions in anger than women in the neutral condition only, and income was correlated with fear in the racial stress condition only.

Conclusions: This study provides evidence that personalized racial stress procedures elicit a stress response and increases alcohol craving and emotional response but not physiological response among Black adults with AUD. These findings warrant replication in a larger study.

Keywords: Alcohol craving; Black/African American; Personalized imagery scripts; Racial identity; Racial stress.