Among environment contaminants, 210Pb and 210Po have gained significant research attention due to their radioactive toxicity. Moss, with its exceptional adsorption capability for these radionuclides, serves as an indicator for environmental 210Pb and 210Po pollution. The paper reviews a total of 138 articles, summarizing the common methods and analytical results of 210Pb and 210Po research in moss. It elucidates the accumulation characteristics of 210Pb and 210Po in moss, discusses current research challenges, potential solutions, and future prospects in this field. Existing literature indicates limitations in common measurement techniques for 210Pb and 210Po in moss, characterized by high detection limits or lengthy sample processing. The concentration of 210Pb and 210Po within moss display substantial variations across different regions worldwide, ranging from <MDA to 518.75 kBq/kg and 38 Bq/kg to 170.68 kBq/kg, respectively, correlating significantly with regional pollution circumstances. Analysis of extra 210Pb (210Pb introduced by 222Rn), concentration factor and the 210Po/210Pb ratio indicates that atmospheric deposition constitutes the primary source of 210Pb and 210Po within moss, and the 210Po/210Pb ratio is influenced by the extent of local anthropogenic impact. Factors influencing their distribution include the inherent biological traits of moss, atmospheric factors, soil conditions, and human activities. Different measurement methods are recommended for different measurement requirements, and discuss the selection of the study area. Presently, research concerning 210Pb and 210Po in moss as a good bioindicator predominantly focuses on environmental monitoring within polluted regions and extends to studies encompassing heavy metal tracing and site remediation.
Keywords: (210)Pb; (210)Po; Environmental contamination; Measurement method; Moss bioindication.
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