Advances in cancer prevention, early detection and treatments have led to unprecedented progress against cancer. However, these advances have not benefited everyone equally. Because of a long history of structural inequities and systemic injustices in the United States, many segments of the US population continue to shoulder a disproportionate burden of cancer. The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Cancer Disparities Progress Report 2024 (CancerDisparitiesProgressReport.org) outlines the recent progress against cancer disparities, the ongoing challenges faced by medically underserved populations, and emphasizes the vital need for further advances in cancer research and patient care to benefit all populations.