Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are used to treat a variety of tumors. Despite their broad beneficial effects, these inhibitors can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and even death. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and meningitis, although infrequent, can be aggressive and life-threatening due to excessive immune activation. Herein, we report a case of an 80-year-old man who developed HLH after receiving atezolizumab monotherapy as a second-line treatment for lung adenocarcinoma. He was treated for HLH with oral prednisolone (PSL), but further ataxia and dysuria developed, and a lumbar puncture diagnosed meningitis. Both HLH and meningitis improved with continued oral PSL treatment. This is the first case of atezolizumab-induced HLH with meningitis and highlights the importance of early diagnosis and treatment for rare irAE.
Keywords: atezolizumab; hlh; ici; irae; meningitis.
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