Background: Scuba diving is a recreational activity usually considered at low impact on cardiovascular system. However, when diving, increased ambient pressure exerts several effects on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems, mainly due to redistribution of peripheral blood into the central circulation. This phenomenon, also known as blood shift, may produce a significant overload on a non-healthy heart.
Case summary: We present the case of a female patient who experienced sudden cardiac death during scuba diving: post-mortem cardiac magnetic resonance and autopsy revealed that the patient was affected by previously unknown hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Discussion: Diving exposes the body to significant physiological changes that may overstress a diseased heart. This case suggests the need for some cardiovascular exams, such as an echocardiogram or, at least, an electrocardiogram, for screening cardiovascular abnormalities in subjects who wish to practice scuba diving.
Keywords: Case report; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Scuba diving; Sudden death.
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.