Associations of Gut and Circulating Microbiota with Circulating Vitamin D3, Type I Interferon, and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Patients

Zhi Yang; Yao Song; Bangtao Chen; Fei Hao

doi:10.2147/JIR.S455489

Associations of Gut and Circulating Microbiota with Circulating Vitamin D₃, Type I Interferon, and Systemic Inflammation in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria Patients

J Inflamm Res. 2024 May 6:17:2775-2785. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S455489. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Zhi Yang¹, Yao Song¹, Bangtao Chen², Fei Hao¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Dermatology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 401120, People's Republic of China.
² Department of Dermatology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 404100, People's Republic of China.

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the associations of the gut and circulating microbiota with circulating vitamin D₃ (VD3), type I interferon (IFNI), systemic inflammation, and clinical profiles in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients.

Methods: A total of 36 CSU patients with VD3 insufficiency (VDI; serum 25(OH)VD3 <30 ng/mL) and 36 sex-, age-, and body mass index-matched CSU patients with non-VDI were enrolled. Fecal and serum bacteria were identified through 16S rRNA sequencing, and serum 25(OH)VD3 and inflammation biomarkers were assessed using ELISA kits. IFNI response was determined by measuring the stimulatory activity of serum on IFNI-stimulated response element in HEK293 cells in vitro with luciferase assays.

Results: Higher urticarial activity score over 7 days (UAS7), higher frequency of levocetirizine resistance, and more severe proinflammation but weaker IFNI response were observed in VDI than non-VDI patients (all P<0.05). IFNI response was strongly positively associated with serum 25(OH)VD3 level in both groups (P<0.001). Compared to non-VDI patients, abundance of the fecal genera Prevotella 9, Escherichia-Shigella, and Klebsiella was significantly increased, while Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Agathobacter were remarkably reduced in VDI patients (all P<0.05). Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia (40.95%), Acinetobacter (3.05%), and Aquabacterium (2.37%) were the top three bacteria in sera from VDI patients. Both serum 25(OH)VD3 level and IFNI response were positively associated with fecal Bacteroides in the two groups (P<0.05). In non-VDI patients, there were moderately positive associations between IFNI response and fecal Lachnoclostridium, unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae, and Phascolarctobacterium and between serum 25(OH)VD3 level and fecal Lachnoclostridium (all P<0.01). Circulating microbiota in VDI patients was closely related only to proinflammation and UAS7 (both P<0.05).

Conclusion: Changes in gut but not circulating microbiota composition are associated with serum 25(OH)VD3 insufficiency and impaired IFNI homeostasis, which points to greater disease severity (UAS7) and systemic proinflammation in CSU patients.

Keywords: chronic spontaneous urticaria; inflammation; microbiota; type I interferon; vitamin D3.

Grants and funding

This work was funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82003337 and 82373479), the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (cstc2020jcyj-bshX0023), the Chongqing Excellence Programme (cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0291), Doctoral Program in Wanzhou District (wzstc-20220122), and Funding for Postdoctoral Fellowships in Chongqing (55012).