Purpose: Dairy foods are nutritional sources of calcium, phosphorus, protein, and other nutrients that improve bone health. However, the effects of dairy consumption on bone biomarkers in the Japanese population remain unclear. This study explored the association between dairy consumption and bone biomarkers in Japanese adults.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in Aomori, Japan. In total, 1063 adults were included in the analysis. Bone turnover marker levels were measured in local citizens during their annual medical checkups. The calcaneus osteo sono assessment index (OSI) was calculated using a quantitative ultrasound technique. The dietary intake of foods and nutrients was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models were established using dairy consumption and bone biomarkers with adjustments. Statistic significance was considered by P < 0.05.
Results: In multivariate models, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and parathyroid hormone concentrations were inversely associated with dietary dairy consumption after adjusting for age and sex. The undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a procollagen type I N-terminal peptide to bone alkaline phosphatase ratio, and OSI were the directly associated with dairy consumption in multivariate models with adjustment.
Conclusions: Dairy consumption is partially associated with bone turnover biomarkers and OSI in adult Japanese participants. Habitual consumption of dairy foods may contribute to the nutritional supplementation for maintaining bone health, including turnover and structure.
Clinical trial registry number and website where it was obtained: The Japanese Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000040459), https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000046175.
Keywords: Bone turnover markers; Cross-sectional study; Dairy; Japan; Osteo sono assessment index.
© 2024 The Authors.