Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and is a global health challenge. Radical surgical resection is the most effective method to achieve long-term survival for HCC. Regrettably, the vast majority of HCC patients lose the opportunity for radical resection at the time of diagnosis due to advanced tumors or poor liver reserve capacity. HCC is resistant to conventional chemotherapy, and in the past, there have been no definite and effective systemic therapeutic drugs. Fortunately, over the last decade, the research and development of molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy drugs for HCC have made rapid progress, and a variety of drugs and combination therapy regimens have been successively approved for clinical use. However, the overall therapeutic effect is still not ideal and needs further improvement.
肝细胞癌（HCC）是全球癌症相关死亡第三大病因，是一项全球性健康挑战。外科根治性切除是HCC获得长期生存的最有效手段。但遗憾的是，绝大多数HCC患者就诊时或因肿瘤较晚，或因肝脏储备能力差，丧失了根治性切除机会。HCC对传统化疗不敏感，以往没有确切有效的HCC系统治疗药物。幸运的是，近10余年来，HCC的分子靶向治疗及免疫治疗药物研发均取得迅猛发展，陆续有多种药物和联合治疗方案获得批准用于临床，但总体疗效仍不理想，有待进一步提升。.
Keywords: Hepatocellular carcinoma; Immunotherapy; Primary liver cancer; Targeting drug.