Calibration-free parallel transmission of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cord at 7T

Abstract

Purpose: To address the limitations of spinal cord imaging at ultra-high field (UHF) due to time-consuming parallel transmit (pTx) adjustments. This study introduces calibration-free offline computed universal shim modes that can be applied seamlessly for different pTx RF coils and spinal cord target regions, substantially enhancing spinal cord imaging efficiency at UHF.

Methods: A library of channel-wise relative $B_1^{+}$ maps for the cervical spinal cord (six datasets) and thoracic and lumbar spinal cord (nine datasets) was constructed to optimize transmit homogeneity and efficiency for these regions. A tailored B₀ shim was optimized for the cervical spine to enhance spatial magnetic field homogeneity further. The performance of the universal shims was validated using absolute saturation based $B_1^{+}$ mapping and high-resolution 2D and 3D multi-echo gradient-recalled echo (GRE) data to assess the image quality.

Results: The proposed universal shims demonstrated a 50% improvement in $B_1^{+}$ efficiency compared to the default (zero phase) shim mode. $B_1^{+}$ homogeneity was also improved by 20%. The optimized universal shims achieved performance comparable to subject-specific pTx adjustments, while eliminating the need for lengthy pTx calibration times, saving about 10 min per experiment.

Conclusion: The development of universal shims represents a significant advance by eliminating time-consuming subject-specific pTx adjustments. This approach is expected to make UHF spinal cord imaging more accessible and user-friendly, particularly for non-pTx experts.

Keywords: 7 Tesla; calibration‐free; parallel transmission; spinal cord; universal pulse.