Measurement of perceived pressures in psychiatry: paper-and-pencil and computerized adaptive version of the P-PSY35 scale

Philippe Golay; Debora Martinez; Mizué Bachelard; Benedetta Silva; Alexandra Brodard; Jonathan Perrin; Nolan Pedro Fernando; Lou-Ann Renaud; Charles Bonsack; Stéphane Morandi

doi:10.1186/s12991-024-00501-5

Measurement of perceived pressures in psychiatry: paper-and-pencil and computerized adaptive version of the P-PSY35 scale

Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2024 May 10;23(1):18. doi: 10.1186/s12991-024-00501-5.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Service of Community Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Consultations de Chauderon, Place Chauderon 18, 1003, Lausanne, Switzerland. Philippe.Golay@chuv.ch.
² Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. Philippe.Golay@chuv.ch.
³ Service of Community Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Consultations de Chauderon, Place Chauderon 18, 1003, Lausanne, Switzerland.
⁴ Cantonal Medical Office, Directorate General for Health of Canton of Vaud, Department of Health and Social Action (DSAS), Avenue Des Casernes 2, 1014, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Abstract

Purpose: Formal coercion in psychiatry is widely studied yet much less is known about pressures patients may experience, partly because of the very few measures available. The goal of this study was to validate the P-PSY35 (Pressures in Psychiatry Scale) and provide a paper-and-pencil and a computerised adaptive test (CAT) to measure pressures experienced by patients in psychiatry.

Methods: The P-PSY35 items were developed with users. Patients were evaluated during psychiatric hospitalisation or through an online survey. Mokken scale analysis and Item response theory (IRT) were used to select and estimate the items parameters. A Monte-Carlo simulation was performed to evaluate the number of items needed to transform the paper-and-pencil test into a reliable psychometric CAT.

Results: A total of 274 patients were assessed. The P-PSY35 demonstrated good internal validity, internal consistency, convergent and divergent validity. The P-PSY35 could be substantially shortened while maintaining excellent reliability using the CAT procedure.

Conclusion: The P-PSY35 was developed in collaboration with users. It is a psychometrically rigorous tool designed to measure experienced pressures in French-language. The development and successful validation of the P-PSY35 represent a welcome step towards implementing and evaluating programs aimed at reducing negative consequences of coercion.

Keywords: Computerised adaptive testing; Informal coercion; Item response theory; Perceived coercion; Treatment pressures.