Stasis imaging predicts the risk of cardioembolic events related to acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Introduction and objectives: In the setting of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), imaging-based biomarkers could be useful for guiding oral anticoagulation to prevent cardioembolism. Our objective was to test the efficacy of intraventricular blood stasis imaging in predicting a composite primary endpoint of cardioembolic risk during the first 6 months after STEMI.

Methods: We designed a prospective clinical study, Imaging Silent Brain Infarct in Acute Myocardial Infarction (ISBITAMI, NCT02917213), including patients with a first STEMI, an ejection fraction ≤ 45% and without atrial fibrillation to assess the performance of stasis metrics to predict cardioembolism. Patients underwent ultrasound-based stasis imaging at enrollment followed by heart and brain magnetic resonance at 1-week and 6-month visits. From the stasis maps, we calculated the average residence time, R_T, of blood inside the left ventricle and assessed its ability to predict the primary endpoint. The longitudinal strain of the 4 apical segments was quantified by speckle tracking.

Results: A total of 66 patients were assigned to the primary endpoint. Of them, 17 patients had 1 or more events: 3 strokes, 5 silent brain infarctions, and 13 mural thromboses. No systemic embolisms were observed. R_T (OR, 3.73; 95%CI, 1.75-7.9; P < .001) and apical strain (OR, 1.47; 95%CI, 1.13-1.92; P = .004) showed complementary prognostic value. The bivariate model showed a c-index = 0.86 (95%CI, 0.73-0.95), a negative predictive value of 1.00 (95%CI, 0.94-1.00), and positive predictive value of 0.45 (95%CI, 0.37-0.77). The results were confirmed in a multiple imputation sensitivity analysis. Conventional ultrasound-based metrics were of limited predictive value.

Conclusions: In patients with STEMI and left ventricular systolic dysfunction in sinus rhythm, the risk of cardioembolism may be assessed by echocardiography by combining stasis and strain imaging.

Keywords: Blood stasis; Cardioembolia; Cardioembolism; Echocardiography; Ecocardiografía; Estasis sanguínea; Ictus cardioembólico; Infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST; Ischemic stroke; ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction.