Immediate Breast Reconstruction With Latissimus Dorsi Myocutaneous Flap and Silicone Implant Followed by Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer

Ann Plast Surg. 2024 Jun 1;92(6):625-634. doi: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000003882. Epub 2024 May 6.

Abstract

Background: About 30% to 50% of women with breast cancer undergo mastectomy, and approximately 50% of them will receive adjuvant radiotherapy (ART). This study evaluates the medium- and long-term impact of ART after immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous (LDM) flap and silicone implants.

Methods: Clinical, surgical, and oncological data were retrospectively collected and analyzed based on the medical records of 176 patients who had undergone IBR with LDM flap and silicone implants.

Results: The data showed that 7.4% of patients had a history of previous radiotherapy, 56.3% received ART, 31.8% developed capsular contracture with a mean follow-up of 58.1 months, and 14.2% of surgeries were categorized as procedures with a prolonged operating time, lasting above 1 SD of the observed mean. Those who experienced prolonged operating time (odds ratio, 4.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.72-12.93; P = 0.003) and those who received ART (odds ratio, 7.38; 95% confidence interval, 3.18-17.10; P < 0.001) were more likely to develop capsular contracture. Thirty-two patients (18%) underwent capsulectomy with implant replacement, and 7 patients (4%) had the implant removed. The mean time between IBR and reoperation was 29.1 months. Patients who received ART were 2.84 times more likely to experience reconstruction failure or undergo implant-related reoperation ( P = 0.002).

Conclusions: The results indicated that IBR with LDM flap and silicone implant followed by ART is a safe procedure, resulting in low rates of reconstruction failure. However, ART increased the likelihood of capsular contracture development and implant-related reoperation, having a negative effect on reconstructed breasts.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Breast Implants*
  • Breast Neoplasms* / radiotherapy
  • Breast Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Mammaplasty* / methods
  • Mastectomy*
  • Middle Aged
  • Myocutaneous Flap* / transplantation
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Silicone Gels
  • Superficial Back Muscles* / transplantation
  • Treatment Outcome