S100A9: The Unusual Suspect Connecting Viral Infection and Inflammation

J Immunol. 2024 May 15;212(10):1523-1529. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300640.

Abstract

The study of S100A9 in viral infections has seen increased interest since the COVID-19 pandemic. S100A8/A9 levels were found to be correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease, cytokine storm, and changes in myeloid cell subsets. These data led to the hypothesis that S100A8/A9 proteins might play an active role in COVID-19 pathogenesis. This review explores the structures and functions of S100A8/9 and the current knowledge on the involvement of S100A8/A9 and its constituents in viral infections. The potential roles of S100A9 in SARS-CoV-2 infections are also discussed.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19* / immunology
  • Calgranulin A*
  • Calgranulin B*
  • Cytokine Release Syndrome / immunology
  • Humans
  • Inflammation* / immunology
  • SARS-CoV-2* / immunology
  • Virus Diseases / immunology

Substances

  • Calgranulin B
  • Calgranulin A
  • S100A9 protein, human
  • S100A8 protein, human