Defect Engineering in Bi-based Photo/electrocatalysts for Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

Shuhua Lv; Ying Wang; Debao Wang; Caixia Song

doi:10.1002/chem.202400342

Defect Engineering in Bi-based Photo/electrocatalysts for Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia

Chemistry. 2024 Apr 30:e202400342. doi: 10.1002/chem.202400342. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Shuhua Lv¹, Ying Wang², Debao Wang³, Caixia Song²

Affiliations

¹ Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, CHINA.
² Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, CHINA.
³ Qingdao University of Science and Technology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, No 53, Zhenzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China, Qingdao, CHINA.

PMID: 38687194
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400342

Abstract

Main group Bi-based materials have gained popularity as N2 reduction reaction (NRR) photo/electrocatalysts due to their ability to inhibit competitive H2 evolution reactions (HER) and the unique N2 adsorption activities. The introduction of defects in Bi-based catalysts represents a highly effective strategy for enhancing light absorption, promoting efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, optimizing the activity of free radicals, regulating electronic structure, and improving catalytic performance. In this review, we outline the various applications of state of the defect engineering in Bi-based catalysts and elucidate the impact of vacancies on NRR performance. In particular, the types of defects, methods of defects tailoring, advanced characterization techniques, as well as the Bi-based catalysts with abundant defects and their corresponding catalytic behavior in NRR were elucidated in detail. Finally, the main challenges and opportunities for future development of defective Bi-based NRR catalysts are discussed, which provides a comprehensive theoretical guidance for this field.

Keywords: Photocatalysis; bismuth; defects; nitrogen fixation.