Efficacy and safety of a new heterologous fibrin biopolymer on socket bone healing after tooth extraction: An experimental pre-clinical study

Ana Carolina Cestari Bighetti; Tania Mary Cestari; Suelen Paini; Karina T Pomini; Daniela Vieira Buchaim; Rafael Carneiro Ortiz; Rui Seabra Ferreira Júnior; Benedito Barraviera; Izabel R F R Bullen; Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet; Rogério Leone Buchaim; Gerson F de Assis

doi:10.1111/jcpe.13992

Efficacy and safety of a new heterologous fibrin biopolymer on socket bone healing after tooth extraction: An experimental pre-clinical study

J Clin Periodontol. 2024 Apr 29. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13992. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Ana Carolina Cestari Bighetti¹, Tania Mary Cestari¹, Suelen Paini¹, Karina T Pomini², Daniela Vieira Buchaim^{2

3}, Rafael Carneiro Ortiz¹, Rui Seabra Ferreira Júnior^{4

5}, Benedito Barraviera^{4

5}, Izabel R F R Bullen¹, Gustavo Pompermaier Garlet¹, Rogério Leone Buchaim^{1

6}, Gerson F de Assis¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentristy, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
² Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, Brazil.
³ Teaching and Research Coordination of the Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNI-FAI), Adamantina, Brazil.
⁴ Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁵ Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁶ Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), São Paulo, Brazil.

PMID: 38685818
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13992

Abstract

Aim: To assess the efficacy of heterologous fibrin biopolymer (HFB) in promoting alveolar bone healing after tooth extraction in rats.

Materials and methods: The upper right incisors of 48 Wistar rats were extracted. Toothless sockets were filled with HFB (HFBG, n = 24) or blood clot (BCG, n = 24). The tooth extraction sites were subjected to micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), histological, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical (for Runt-related transcription factor 2/Runx2 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase/TRAP) analyses on days 0, 7, 14 and 42 after extraction.

Results: Socket volume remained similar between days 0 and 14 (69 ± 5.4 mm³), except in the BCG on day 14, when it was 10% lower (p = .043). Although the number of Runx2+ osteoblasts was high and similar in both groups (34 × 10² cells/mm²), the HFBG showed lower inflammatory process and osteoclast activity than BCG at 7 days. On day 14, the number of Runx2+ osteoblasts remained high and similar to the previous period in both groups. However, osteoclast activity increased. This increase was 55% lower in the HFBG than BCG. In the BCG, the presence of an inflammatory process and larger and numerous osteoclasts on day 14 led to resorption of the alveolar bone ridge and newly formed bone. On day 42, numbers of Runx2+ osteoblast and TRAP+ osteoclasts decreased dramatically in both groups. Although the BCG exhibited a more mature cortical bone formation, it exhibited a higher socket reduction (28.3 ± 6.67%) and smaller bone volume (37 ± 5.8 mm³) compared with HFBG (socket reduction of 14.8 ± 7.14% and total bone volume of 46 ± 5.4 mm³).

Conclusions: HFB effectively suppresses osteoclast activity and reduces alveolar bone resorption compared with blood clot, thus preventing three-dimensional bone loss, particularly during the early healing period. HFB emerges as a promising biopharmaceutical material for enhancing healing processes after tooth extraction.

Keywords: alveolar ridge preservation; bone repair; fibrin tissue adhesive; micro‐computed tomography; tooth extraction.

Abstract

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