Histological and imaging features of myoepithelial carcinoma of the bone and soft tissue

Hisaki Aiba; Alberto Righi; Paolo Spinnato; Alessandra Longhi; Giorgio Frega; Ahmed Atherley O'Meally; Ayano Aso; Konstantina Solou; Barbara Dozza; Marco Gambarotti; Toni Ibrahim; Davide Maria Donati; Costantino Errani

doi:10.1007/s00256-024-04693-5

Histological and imaging features of myoepithelial carcinoma of the bone and soft tissue

Skeletal Radiol. 2024 Apr 29. doi: 10.1007/s00256-024-04693-5. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Hisaki Aiba^{1

2}, Alberto Righi³, Paolo Spinnato⁴, Alessandra Longhi⁵, Giorgio Frega⁵, Ahmed Atherley O'Meally⁶, Ayano Aso⁶, Konstantina Solou⁶, Barbara Dozza⁷, Marco Gambarotti³, Toni Ibrahim⁵, Davide Maria Donati^{6

7}, Costantino Errani⁶

Affiliations

¹ Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica III a Prevalente Indirizzo Oncologico, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy. hisakiaiba@yahoo.co.jp.
² Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan. hisakiaiba@yahoo.co.jp.
³ Department of Pathology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
⁴ Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
⁵ Osteoncology, Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas, and Innovative Therapies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
⁶ Clinica Ortopedica e Traumatologica III a Prevalente Indirizzo Oncologico, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136, Bologna, Italy.
⁷ Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

PMID: 38679636
DOI: 10.1007/s00256-024-04693-5

Abstract

Objective: To depict histological and imaging features of myoepithelial carcinoma of the bone and soft tissue.

Materials and methods: We retrospectively examined histological features in 22 patients with myoepithelial carcinoma of the bone (4 patients) and soft tissue (18 patients) at a single institution. Imaging analysis of 15 patients (bone, 3 patients; soft tissue, 12 patients;) with preoperative images involved classifying lytic bone lesions via the modified Lodwick-Madewell classification; the growth patterns of soft tissue lesions were classified as well-defined, focally invasive, or diffusely invasive.

Results: Local recurrence occurred in eight out of 22 patients (36.3%). Four of 22 patients (18.2%) had metastasis at presentation, whereas 11 of 22 patients (50.0%) had distant metastasis during follow-up. Severe cytological pleomorphism was observed in 14 of 22 patients (63.6%), and 10 of 22 tumors (45.5%) showed ≥ 10 mitoses/10 high-power fields. Vascular invasion was observed in 10 of 22 patients (45.5%). Extracapsular/extraskeletal infiltration into the surrounding tissues was assessed in 20 patients, with 14 of them (70%) showing infiltration beyond the tumor border. Regarding imaging of bone lesions, two patients had Ludwick type IIIB, whereas one patient had type II. The growth pattern of soft tissue lesions was well-defined in two patients (16.7%), focally invasive in seven patients (58.3%), and diffusely invasive in three (25.0%) out of 12 patients.

Conclusion: Myoepithelial carcinoma of the bone and soft tissue presents high risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis. Histological and imaging features might be important to understand the aggressive behavior of the tumor.

Keywords: Bone tumor; Local recurrence; Myoepithelial carcinoma; Pathological analysis; Prognostic factors; Radiological analysis; Sarcoma; Soft tissue tumor.