The study aimed to investigate the association between the TAS2R16 gene (rs860170, rs978739, rs1357949), TAS2R16 serum levels, and multiple sclerosis (MS). A total of 265 healthy control subjects and 218 MS patients were included in the study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The serum concentration of TAS2R16 was measured using the ELISA method. Analyses revealed that the TAS2R16 rs860170 TT genotype was statistically significantly less frequent in the MS group than in the control group (p = 0.041), and the CC genotype was statistically significantly more frequent in the MS group than in the control group (p < 0.001). In the most robust (codominant) model, the CC genotype was found to increase the odds of MS by ~27-fold (p = 0.002), and each C allele increased the odds of MS by 1.8-fold (p < 0.001). Haplotype analysis of the rs860170, rs978739, and rs1357949 polymorphisms showed that the C-C-A haplotype was associated with a ~12-fold increased odds of MS occurrence (p = 0.02). Serum TAS2R16 levels were elevated in the MS group compared to control subjects (p = 0.014). Conclusions: The rs860170, rs978739, and rs1357949 polymorphisms demonstrated that the C-C-A haplotype and elevated TAS2R16 serum levels can promote the development of MS. These preliminary findings underscore the importance of specific genetic variants, such as rs860170, rs978739, and rs1357949, in MS risk. Additionally, elevated TAS2R16 serum levels in MS patients suggest a potential role in MS pathogenesis. These findings provide insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying MS and pave the way for personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Integrating genetic and serum biomarker data in MS research offers promising avenues for improving clinical outcomes and advancing precision medicine approaches in the future.
Keywords: TAS2R16; TAS2R16 serum levels; multiple sclerosis; polymorphisms; rs1357949; rs860170; rs978739.