Highly sensitive biofunctionalized nanostructures for paper-based colorimetric sensing of hydrogen peroxide in raw milk

Abstract

Hydrogen Peroxide (H₂O₂) is a highly hazardous, toxic, and carcinogenic chemical compound utilised in various industries-based applications. Despite strict restriction, they are deliberately added to food items such as milk as preservatives to increase its shelf life. Herein, we have formulated a green rapid colorimetric nanosensor for detection of H₂O₂ in milk using cotton leaves as both reducing and functionalizing agent for synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). UV-Vis spectra exhibit a strong plasmonic peak at around 434 nm. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to determine the crystallinity of the nanoparticles. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) characterizations revealed spherical morphology with size approximately ∼16 nm. This functionalized nanoparticle could colorimetrically sense presence of H₂O₂ in milk samples both in liquid media and on paper substrates with Limit of Detection (LOD) of 8.46 ppm even in presence of other interfering substances in milk. This inexpensive route will pave the way for in depth research.

Keywords: Biosynthesis; Hydrogen peroxide; Milk adulteration; Plasmonic; Sensing.