Proposal and validation of an equation to identify sarcopenia using bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived parameters

Takashi Shida; Sho Hatanaka; Takahisa Ohta; Yosuke Osuka; Narumi Kojima; Keiko Motokawa; Masanori Iwasaki; Fumiko Miyamae; Tsuyoshi Okamura; Hirohiko Hirano; Shuichi Awata; Hiroyuki Sasai

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2024.112453

Proposal and validation of an equation to identify sarcopenia using bioelectrical impedance analysis-derived parameters

Nutrition. 2024 Apr 3:124:112453. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112453. Online ahead of print.

Affiliations

¹ Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: t_shida@tmig.or.jp.
² Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan.
³ Department of Frailty Research, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
⁴ Research Team for Promoting Independence and Mental Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.

PMID: 38669830
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112453

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to develop a simpler approach for diagnosing sarcopenia by using only bioelectrical impedance vector analysis parameters.

Methods: The study design was a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted based on the Itabashi Longitudinal Study on Aging, a community-based cohort study, with data collected from the 2022 and 2023 surveys in Itabashi Ward, Tokyo, Japan. The development cohort consisted of 1146 participants from the 2022 survey, and the validation cohort included 656 participants from the 2023 survey. Both cohorts were comprised of community-dwelling older adults with similar inclusion criteria. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. The logistic model utilized height divided by impedance at 50 kHz and phase angle to establish a new regression equation to identify sarcopenia. Regression equations were generated for the development cohort and validated for the validation cohort. Discriminatory ability was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for men and women.

Results: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 20.7% and 14.8% in the development and validation cohort, respectively. The AUC (95% confidence interval) of the logistic model in discriminating sarcopenia was 0.92 (0.88, 0.95) for men and 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) for women in the development cohort and 0.85 (0.78, 0.91) for men and 0.90 (0.86, 0.95) for women in the validation cohort.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that a simple formula using bioelectrical parameters at 50 kHz proved useful in identifying sarcopenia in the older adult population.

Keywords: Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis; Biomarker; Community-dwelling; Phase angle; Sarcopenia.