Purpose: This study aimed to assess the correlation between glycemic status (prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus) and the risk of gastric cancer according to menopausal status.
Methods: A total of 982,559 pre/peri-menopausal and 1445,419 postmenopausal women aged ≥ 40, who underwent the Korean national health screening in 2009, were included and followed up until 2018. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for development of gastric cancers according to hyperglycemic status in both groups using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: Over a mean follow-up period of 8.3 years, 3259 (0.33%) pre/peri-menopausal women and 13,245 (0.92%) postmenopausal women were diagnosed with gastric cancer. In postmenopausal women, only diabetes mellitus conferred a higher risk of gastric cancer compared to normal glycemic status (HR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.09-1.20), with an increasing trend of gastric cancers from prediabetes to diabetes (P for trend < 0.001) observed regardless of menopausal status. Obesity, smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption was associated with increased gastric cancer risk mainly in the postmenopausal period.
Conclusions: The risk of gastric cancer escalates with deteriorating glycemic status in a dose-response manner. Diabetes mellitus is linked with an elevated risk of gastric cancer in postmenopausal women.
Keywords: Cohort studies; Diabetes mellitus; Estrogens; Menopause; Obesity; Stomach neoplasms.
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