Background: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires that all graduate medical education (GME) programs provide at least 6 paid weeks off for medical, parental, and caregiver leave to residents. However, it is unclear whether all orthopaedic residency programs have adapted to making specific parental leave policies web-accessible since the ACGME's mandate in 2022. This gap in policy knowledge leaves both prospective and current residents in the dark when it comes to choosing residency programs, and knowing what leave benefits they are entitled to when having children during training via birth, surrogacy, adoption, or legal guardianship.
Questions/purposes: (1) What percentage of ACGME-accredited orthopaedic surgery residency programs provide accessible parental leave policies on their program's website, their GME website, and through direct contact with their program's administration? (2) What percentage of programs offer specific parental leave policies, generic leave policies, or defer to the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)?
Methods: As indicated in the American Medical Association's 2022 Freida Specialty Guide, 207 ACGME-accredited orthopaedic residency programs were listed. After further evaluation using previous literature's exclusion criteria, 37 programs were excluded based on osteopathic graduate rates. In all, 170 ACGME-accredited allopathic orthopaedic surgery residency programs were identified and included in this study. Three independent reviewers assessed each program website for the presence of an accessible parental leave policy. Each reviewer accessed the program's public webpage initially, and if no parental leave policy was available, they searched the institution's GME webpage. If no policy was found online, the program administrator was contacted directly via email and phone. Available leave policies were further classified into five categories by reviewers: parental leave, generic leave, deferred to FMLA, combination of parental and FMLA, and combination of parental and generic leave.
Results: Our results demonstrated that 6% (10 of 170) of orthopaedic residency programs had policy information available on their program's main orthopaedic web page. Fifty nine-percent (101 of 170) of orthopaedic residency programs had a clearly stated policy on their institution's GME website. The remaining 35% (59 of 170) had no information on their public website and required direct communication with program administration to obtain policy information. After directly contacting program administration, 12% (21 of 170) of programs responded to researchers request with a PDF explicitly outlining their policy. Twenty-two percent (38 of 170) of programs did not have an accessible policy available. Of the programs that had available policies, a total of 53% (70 of 132) of programs were categorized as offering explicit parental leave policies, 9% (12 of 132) were categorized as offering general leave policies, and 27% (36 of 132) deferred to FMLA. Seven percent (9 of 132) offered combined parental leave policies with FMLA, and 4% (5 of 132) offered combined general leave policies with FMLA.
Conclusion: Although most ACGME-accredited allopathic orthopaedic surgery residency programs met the ACGME requirement of written parental leave policies in 2023, a small minority of programs have clear, accessible parental leave policies provided on their webpage.
Clinical relevance: Parental leave policies should be easily accessible to prospective and current trainees and should clearly state compensation and length of leave. Ensuring orthopaedic surgery residency programs provide accessible and transparent parental leave policies is important for maintaining diversity in prospective applicants and supporting the work-life balance of current residents.
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