Role of Geminin as a Tool for Augmenting Accurate Diagnosis of Cervical Neoplasia

Nilajkumar D Bagde; Madhuri N Bagde; Sarita Agrawal; Prasanta Nayak; Sanjay Singh Negi; Sarita Rajbhar; Nighat Hussain

doi:10.7759/cureus.56864

Role of Geminin as a Tool for Augmenting Accurate Diagnosis of Cervical Neoplasia

Cureus. 2024 Mar 25;16(3):e56864. doi: 10.7759/cureus.56864. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Authors

Nilajkumar D Bagde¹, Madhuri N Bagde², Sarita Agrawal¹, Prasanta Nayak³, Sanjay Singh Negi⁴, Sarita Rajbhar¹, Nighat Hussain⁵

Affiliations

¹ Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Raipur, IND.
² Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Raipur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, IND.
³ Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oasis Fertility Hospital, Bhubaneswar, IND.
⁴ Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Raipur, IND.
⁵ Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raipur, Raipur, IND.

Abstract

Aim: To determine the role of geminin as a tool for differentiating various types of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma (CC).

Methods: Seventy women newly diagnosed with CIN or CC undergoing cervical biopsy were included; their clinical profile, human papilloma virus (HPV) positivity, and colposcopy findings were noted, and biopsy tissue was analyzed for geminin content.

Results: On geminin immunohistochemistry, 100% of women with CIN3 and 96.29% of women with CC had geminin two plus or more. When analyzed as ordinal variables, there was a significant correlation (spearman's rho 0.35, p 0.01) between geminin and biopsy results (CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and CC).

Conclusions: Screening tests for cervical cancer, like conventional pap smears, liquid-based pap smears, and triaging with HPV, have limitations. It is important to be able to differentiate between high-grade lesions, invasive cancer, and low-grade lesions. The detection of geminin in these cells may aid in the confirmation of the diagnosis and ensure adequate treatment. Cervical intraepithelial lesions and carcinoma cervix demonstrated a correlation between increased geminin expression in CIN1 vs. CC and CIN2 vs. CC. Geminin may be a potential surrogate marker for higher-grade cervical lesions, and further research is needed to corroborate evidence in this direction.

Keywords: cervical cancer; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; diagnosis; dna replication; geminin; hpv; human papillomavirus (hpv); immunohistochemistry staining; pap smear; tumor marker.