Integrative analysis of proteomics and lipidomic profiles reveal the fat deposition and meat quality in Duroc × Guangdong small spotted pig

Zhuosui Wu; Zhonggang Wang; Pan Wang; Leiyan Cheng; Jianhao Li; Yanfeng Luo; Linfang Yang; Linfeng Li; Jianhua Zeng; Bin Hu

doi:10.3389/fvets.2024.1361441

Integrative analysis of proteomics and lipidomic profiles reveal the fat deposition and meat quality in Duroc × Guangdong small spotted pig

Front Vet Sci. 2024 Apr 10:11:1361441. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1361441. eCollection 2024.

Authors

Zhuosui Wu^#¹, Zhonggang Wang^#², Pan Wang^#¹, Leiyan Cheng¹, Jianhao Li¹, Yanfeng Luo³, Linfang Yang³, Linfeng Li¹, Jianhua Zeng³, Bin Hu¹

Affiliations

¹ Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
² Guangdong Guanghong Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Development Co, Ltd., Huizhou, China.
³ Guangdong Yihao Foodstuff Co, Ltd., Guangzhou, China.

^# Contributed equally.

Abstract

Introduction: This study aims to explore the important factors affecting the characteristics of different parts of pork.

Methods: Lipidomics and proteomics methods were used to analyze DAL (differential lipids) and DAPs (differential proteins) in five different parts (longissimus dorsi, belly meat, loin, forelegs and buttocks) of Duhua pig (Duroc × Guangdong small spotted pig), to identify potential pathways affecting meat quality, investigating fat deposition in pork and its lipid-protein interactions.

Results: The results show that TG (triglyceride) is the lipid subclass with the highest proportion in muscle, and the pathway with the most significantly enriched lipids is GP. DAP clustered on several GO terms closely related to lipid metabolism and lipogenesis (lipid binding, lipid metabolism, lipid transport, and lipid regulation). In KEGG analysis, there are two main DAP aggregation pathways related to lipid metabolism, namely Fatty acid degradation and oxidative phosphorylation. In PPI analysis, we screened out 31 core proteins, among which NDUFA6, NDUFA9 and ACO2 are the most critical.

Discussion: PC (phosphatidylcholine) is regulated by SNX5, THBS1, ANXA7, TPP1, CAVIN2, and VDAC2 in the phospholipid binding pathway. TG is regulated by AUH/HADH/ACADM/ACADL/HADHA in the lipid oxidation and lipid modification pathways. Potential biomarkers are rich in SFA, MUFA and PUFA respectively, the amounts of SFA, MUFA and PUFA in the lipid measurement results are consistent with the up- and down-regulation of potential biomarker lipids. This study clarified the differences in protein and lipid compositions in different parts of Duhua pigs and provided data support for revealing the interactions between pork lipids and proteins. These findings provide contributions to the study of intramuscular fat deposition in pork from a genetic and nutritional perspective.

Keywords: Duroc × Guangdong small spotted pig; fat deposition; lipidomics; metabolic pathways; proteomics.

Grants and funding

The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was supported by Guangdong Province 2022 Provincial Rural Revitalization Strategy Special Fund Seed Industry Revitalization Project: High-quality and efficient local pig hybrid matching combination screening (2021–440000–24010202-8887); Guangdong Small-eared Pig Seed Industry Innovation Park (2022–4408×1-43010402-0019); Guangdong Province 2022 Provincial Rural Revitalization Strategy Special Fund Seed Industry Revitalization Project: Guangdong Small-eared Pig Breed Breeding (2022–440000–4301030202-9510); Guangzhou Key R&D Plan Project (2023B03J1367).