Evaluation of layer-by-layer assembly systems for drug delivery and antimicrobial properties in orthopaedic application

Parinaz Mofazali; Masoud Atapour; Miho Nakamura; Manuela Galati; Abdollah Saboori

doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124148

Evaluation of layer-by-layer assembly systems for drug delivery and antimicrobial properties in orthopaedic application

Int J Pharm. 2024 Apr 22:657:124148. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124148. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Parinaz Mofazali¹, Masoud Atapour², Miho Nakamura³, Manuela Galati⁴, Abdollah Saboori⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
² Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran. Electronic address: m.atapour@cc.iut.ac.ir.
³ Medicity Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland.
⁴ Integrated Additive Manufacturing Center (IAM), Department of Management and Production Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.

PMID: 38657718
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124148

Abstract

Layer-by-layer self-assembly systems were developed using monolayer and multilayer carriers to prevent infections and improve bone regeneration of porous Ti-6Al-4V scaffolds. These polymeric carriers incorporated (Gel/Alg-IGF-1 + Chi-Cef) and (4Gel/Alg-IGF-1 + Chi-Cef) on the surface of porous implants produced via electron beam melting (EBM). The results showed that the drug release from multilayer carriers was higher than that of monolayers after 14 days. However, the carrier containing Gel/Alg-IGF-1 + Chi-Cef exhibited more sustained behavior. Cell morphology was characterized, revealing that multilayer carriers had higher cell adhesion than monolayers. Additionally, cell differentiation was significantly greater for (Gel/Alg-IGF-1) + Chi-Cef, and (4Gel/Alg-IGF-1) + Chi-Cef multilayer carriers than for the monolayer groups after 7 days. Notably, the drug dosage was effective and did not interfere, and the cell viability assay showed safe results. Antibacterial evaluations demonstrated that both multilayer carriers had a greater effect on Staphylococcus aureus during treatment. The carriers containing lower alginate had notably less effect than the other studied carriers. This study aimed to test systems for controlling drug release, which will be applied to improve MG63 cell behavior and prevent bacterial accumulation during orthopaedic applications.

Keywords: Cefazolin; Drug release; Electron beam melting; Insulin-like growth factor-1; Layer-by-layer self-assembly; Polymeric carriers.