The seasonality as a relevant aspect to be considered for differential diagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax infection and co-infections in female cattle

Izabela Andrade Pandolfi; Wallacy Augusto de Oliveira; Olindo Assis Martins-Filho; Fernanda Fortes de Araújo; Ismael Artur da Costa Rocha; Eustáquio Resende Bittar; Marcio Sobreira Silva Araújo; Joely Ferreira Figueiredo Bittar

doi:10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102180

The seasonality as a relevant aspect to be considered for differential diagnosis of Trypanosoma vivax infection and co-infections in female cattle

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024 Apr 17:109:102180. doi: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102180. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Izabela Andrade Pandolfi¹, Wallacy Augusto de Oliveira¹, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho², Fernanda Fortes de Araújo², Ismael Artur da Costa Rocha², Eustáquio Resende Bittar¹, Marcio Sobreira Silva Araújo³, Joely Ferreira Figueiredo Bittar¹

Affiliations

¹ Universidade de Uberaba (UNIUBE), Medicina Veterinária, Mestrado em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
² Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
³ Grupo Integrado de Pesquisa em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou - Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address: marcio.sobreira@fiocruz.br.

PMID: 38653007
DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102180

Abstract

Bovine Trypanosomiasis and other infectious diseases cause relevant loss for the livestock industry impacting productive/reproductive indices. This study intended to better understand the frequency, seasonality, and profile of infections associated with Bovine Trypanosomiasis. A total of 1443 serum samples were screened for T. vivax infection and other infectious diseases: Neosporosis, Leptospirosis, Bovine Leukosis Virus infection/(BLV), Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis/(IBR) or Bovine Viral Diarrhea/(BVD). Distinct methods were used for screening and diagnosis: immunofluorescence assay (Trypanosomiasis), ELISA (Neosporosis,BLV,IBR,BVD) and microscopic agglutination test (Leptospirosis). Our findings demonstrated that the seropositivity for Trypanosomiasis=57% was similar to Neosporosis=55%, higher than Leptospirosis=39% and BVL=34%, but lower than IBR=88% and BVD=71%. The seropositivity for Trypanosomiasis was higher in the autumn and lower in the winter. Regardless the season, the IBR seropositivity (min=73%;max=95%) was higher than Trypanosomiasis (min=48%;max=68%). Moreover, Neosporosis (min=71%;max=100%) and BVD (min=65%;max=76%) were more frequent than Trypanosomiasis in the summer, winter and spring. The diagnosis outcome revealed that Trypanosomiasis&IBR=43% and Trypanosomiasis&Neosporosis=35% were the most frequent co-infections with higher seropositivity in the autumn (58%) and summer (80%), respectively. Noteworthy, high seropositivity to Trypanosomiasis&BVD was registered in the autumn (46%). Together, our data re-enforce the relevance of differential diagnosis between Trypanosomiasis with other bovine infectious diseases and that differences in the seasonality profile is a relevant aspect to be considered while selecting the differential diagnosis to be applied.

Keywords: Bovine Leukosis Virus infection; Bovine Trypanosomiasis; Bovine Viral Diarrhea; Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis; Leptospirosis; Neosporosis.